The plant hormone ethylene is known to play a key role in drought tolerance. Branching of root, drought stress, drought tolerance, growth angle of nodal root. Has good regrowth and drought tolerance of conventional sorghum sudan. It is proposed to evaluate sorghum reference germplasm set 360 of the 384 reference set accessions, selected based on the genotyping information of composite collection 41 ssr loci data on 3372 accessions, for postflowering drought tolerance. While drought tolerant, the phenotypic impact of drought on. Postflowering drought tolerance is an essential trait for increasing the production of sorghum l.
Drought tolerance has seldom been a primary breeding objective, usually addressed indirectly under major objectives such as improved yield, pest resistance, and adaptation. Srinivasa rao, p munirathnam, vishwanath, santosh deshpande, francisco zavala, nemera shargie, vincent vadez, serge braconnier and stefania grando email. Therefore, this study was undertaken using a ril population derived from the cross sc56. Droughttolerant crops to the rescue in kenya icrisat. Sorghum bicolor oxford academic journals oxford university press. Both crops have the ability to withstand periods of water deficit and to yield an economic return to the farmer. Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. The importance of drought tolerance in agriculture is likely to growagriculture uses 69% of the worlds available water supply, and 46% of available water in the usa. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum sorghum.
Only limited breeding effort has been expended on identifying or combining such traits. Scientists hope to learn the secrets to the sorghum plants tolerance to drought. The drought adaptation in sorghum relies on structural and biochemical features, i. Screening of sorghum for drought tolerance at seedling. Agronomy 2019, 9, 645 2 of 18 tolerance in pearl millet and sorghum, including strategies against drought stress, improving drought tolerance, and premature plants. The mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in the crop. The limiting factors for dryland agriculture development in indonesia are mostly related to abiotic stresses i. Srinivasa rao, p munirathnam, vishwanath, santosh deshpande, francisco zavala, nemera shargie, vincent vadez, serge braconnier and. The difference in rooting pattern between two grain sorghum cultivars differing in drought tolerance was investigated under drought stress. Drought is a problem for agricultural productivity genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance sorghum shows resilience genome sequenced paterson et al. It is important to know how each genotype tolerates drought stress. Selection for drought tolerance in sorghum using desiccants. To characterize selected germplasm lines for pre and postflowering drought tolerance. Moisture stress and aluminium toxicity in sorghum production can be overcome by breeding for tolerance.
Agrar agronomy in the faculty of natural and agricultural sciences university of pretoria supervisor. Transcriptomic analysis of sorghum bicolor responding to. Pdf the impact of drought on sorghum production, and. Physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum. Being a c4 cereals, is more heat and drought tolerant than c3 plants, like wheat or rice, originated from temperate region blum et al. Development and distribution of root system in two grainsorghum. Identification and understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum have been major goals of plant physiologists and breeders. The objectives are to 1 identify qtl and genes controlling sorghum flowering time, 2 identify qtl and genes for postflowering drought tolerance related to stay green, and 3 identify qtl and genes for root traits related to. Achievement subproject on drought tolerance in sorghum. Unravelling genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum. Over three years of field testing, researchers will dissect mechanisms by which sorghum, a close relative of corn, is able to survive water deprivation. Materials and methods this study was conducted in the department of plant breeding and genetics, pir mehr ali shah arid agriculture university, rawalpindi, during 200809. Each desiccant was applied at three concentrations. Moench as a novel crop for temperate europe inaugural dissertation for a doctorate degree in agricultural sciences in the faculty of agricultural sciences, nutritional sciences and environmental management examiners 1.
Plants may combine multiple adaptation strategies to survive ludlow, 1989. Additionally, sorghum can produce grain even when temperatures are high reddy et. The present study was conducted to document the effects of silicon application under waterlimited conditions on the drought tolerance of sorghum and how drought tolerance of sorghum may be enhanced by silicon. Sorghum mutation breeding for improving tolerance to abiotic stresses brought about by climate change. Drought is a major constraint to rain fed crop production. Transcriptomic analysis of fielddroughted sorghum from. Plants were exposed to different degrees of drought. Sorghum uniquely fits production in such regions, due to high and stable water.
Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop grown in the arid and semiarid regions of 98 different countries. Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in. Pdf morphophysiological criteria for drought tolerance in. Drought is one of the most important yields reducing abiotic constraint worldwide. The adaptation of grain sorghum to a wide range of environmental conditions has led to the evolution and existence of extensive genetic variation for drought tolerance. Selection efficiency of yield based drought tolerance. Drought stress is the major environmental stress that affects plant growth and productivity. Despite many decades of research on drought tolerance in several crops, little progress has been reported in terms of genetic enhancement of crop productivity under waterdeficits environments. Physiological and proteomic analysis of two contrasting. Moench crop in the semiarid tropics often suffers from postflowering drought stress, which causes substantial losses in grain yield and stover quality. The cultivars, gadambalia drought tolerant and tabat droughtsusceptible, were grown in bottomless wooden or acrylic root boxes to.
Unravelling genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance in. Corn and sorghum management strategies for drought 2011. Project methods our newly developed high throughput screening tools will provide, for the first time, a quantitative measure of the levels of pre and postflowering drought tolerance in germplasm collections, mutant populations, and hybrid combinations. Selection system for the staygreen drought tolerance. In both the root endodermis and leaf epidermis, silicification was higher in a drought tolerant cultivar gadambalia compared with drought sensitive cultivar tabat. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. Goals objectives the overall goal of this project is to identify the genetic basis of traits that contribute to drought tolerance in sorghum and other crops. Drought tolerant, watersipping and nitrogen effcient, sorghum prooides a summer rotation that has prooen to be profitable in the harshest conditions and lucratioe when good weather preoails. Only limited breeding effort has been expended on identifying or combining such. Drought tolerant sorghum introduction due to global warming and climate change, the country has been faced with drought hence there has been a shift focus from crops like maize, beans to.
Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in. Using molecular markers to study mechanics responsible for. Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. Apparently, under drought stress conditions, an urgent need for plants would be to increase the uptake of water, which is usually more available deep down in the soil xiong et al.
Drought is a major stress affecting rainfed sorghum production systems. Improvement of sweet sorghum for drought tolerance p. Drought tolerant forage mixtures beef cattle research. Quantitative trait loci influencing drought tolerance in. Moench exotic germplasm collections for drought and disease tolerance mohankumar h kapanigowda, ramasamy perumal, maduraimuthu djanaguiraman, robert m aiken, tesfaye tesso, pv vara prasad, and christopher r little. Most crops are not as tough as sorghum when faced with drought.
Jun 10, 2014 transcriptomic analysis of sorghum subjected to drought, heat and combined drought and heat stress. With more research and outreach, sorghum could be an extremely valuable crop for helping to feed the world in the future as we deal with limited inputs and water. Grain sorghum is drought tolerant and is often grown in environments where water stress is expected. Replacing maize with drought tolerant crops such as sorghum, millets, pigeonpea, cowpea and green gram is helping farmers overcome the failure of rains and its damaging impact on maize in busia county in western kenya. Lately maize had taken over traditional crops like sorghum and millets in busia county. Sorghum continues to grow, although not well, in flooded conditions. Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of.
Trindade2 and stefano amaducci1 abstract background. Breeding strategies for the adaptation of sorghum sorghum. Evaluation and selection of 20 sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Sep 28, 2015 the epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. Significant progress in genome mapping of this crop has also. A recent study showed that grain sorghum had a yield and economic advantage over corn in dryland regions because of better drought and temperature tolerance 57. This study aimed at developing drought tolerant sorghum varieties by transferring the stay green trait that confers drought tolerance in sorghum from a mapped and characterized donor source into an adapted farmer preferred variety. Development and distribution of root system in two. To investigate the changes in gene expression which occur in sorghum subjected to heat and drought stresses either on their own, or in combination, we carried out transcriptomic analyses using dna microarrays agilent technologies ltd containing 28585 unique gene probes. Moench is an important drought tolerant crop in such areas and is a good crop model for evaluating mechanisms of moisture stress tolerance. Drought stress can have a major impact upon plant survival and crop productivity.
Sorghum acres to grow due to drought tolerance, new varieties. Droughtresistant sorghum is americas new supergrain kcet. Identification of genetic factors involved in plant responses to drought stress will provide a solid foundation to improve drought resistance. Evaluating physiological traits of drought and heat. In addition to its drought tolerance, sorghum can also withstand wet extremes better than many other cereal crops, especially maize. Sorghum is well adapted to hot dry environments and regarded as a model for studying drought resistance among the grasses. Grain sorghum best management practices for midatlantic production sorghum offers many options for midatlantic farmers. Elewa3 1department of genetics and cytology, division of genetic engineering and biotechnology, national research center, dokki, cairo, egypt. Seeds of 20 sorghum genotypes with known drought tolerance trait were. Mapping qtls associated with drought resistance in sorghum. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. This study was set up to determine the response of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. To understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance in sorghums.
In 20, under nonstressed conditions, the mean was 21g and under stressed conditions, it was. The extra sorgo adds sweetness to sorghum sudan, which increases consumption and palatability for livestock. Genetic analysis of the sorghum bicolor staygreen drought tolerance trait. Selection of sorghum for drought tolerance in a semiarid. This study evaluated phenotypic characteristics and physiological parameters determine which cultivars are more drought tolerant. Drought tolerance sorghum is able to tolerate drought better than most other grain crops and can be attributed to. An appropriate screening trait for drought stress tolerance should fill the following criteria. Dec 27, 2012 sorghum is poised to come into its own as an alternative to corn. Breeding strategies for the adaptation of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Current methodologies for identifying the nonsenescent staygreen trait require the right intensity of drought stress at the right developmental stage to visually. Sorghum inbred p1 with stay green drought tolerance was crossed with p2, a standard aluminium tolerant.
Among the c4 cereals, sorghum bicolor is the species most suited to environments that are prone to drought. Alternate forage crops when irrigation water is limited. Other options include triticale both spring and fall types, sorghum, sudangrass and hybrid sorghum sudangrass. Moench, one of the 5 major cereal crops in use today worldwide, is an ideal organism for studying genomic responses to drought, due to its innate drought tolerance, small sequenced diploid genome, extensive germplasm, and c4photosynthetic pathway. Drought tolerance is an important attribute of commercial corn.
Sorghum inbred p1 with stay green drought tolerance was crossed with p2, a standard aluminium tolerant cultivar. Moench and other cereals in mediterranean and semiarid tropical climates. Combine mean and standard deviation of all measured traits under stressed and non stressed. Pdf physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in both sorghum and cotton. Using molecular markers to study mechanics responsible for drought tolerance in some genotypes of sorghum a. In this study, for selecting and introducing the best drought tolerant genotypes, seven pearl millet and five sorghum genotypes in three locations kerman, jiroft, and bardsir in kerman province were. Crossspecies multiple environmental stress responses. Edmeades, progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in maize an update, supported by key references, was originally. Sorghum bicolor is a photoperiod sensitive plant originated from the tropics that can grow in rainy and semiarid region, also in areas too dry for maize production zegadalizarazu and monti, 20.
An experiment was setup in a greenhouse to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of sorghum to different drought patterns. The xaxis represents the log fold change and the yaxis represents the log10pvalue. In sorghum, drought tolerance is a complicated characteristic affected by various environmental factors. Sorghum bicolor was domesticated in africa 3000 years ago barkworth, 2003. Pdf drought is an environmental restraint for plants which would become more severe in coming years if effective measures wont be taken. Sorghum mutation breeding for improving tolerance to abiotic. Sorghum is more drought tolerant than either corn or soybeans, and provides another nonhost crop for managing soybean cyst nematode populations. Moench is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel.
Silicification in sorghum sorghum bicolor cultivars with. Drought tolerance is an important attribute of commercial maize. Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect. Pdf genetics of drought stress tolerance in crop plants. The plant has inherent drought tolerance and can thrive in growing conditions that would seem too harsh for other crops. Drought stress is a major constraint to sorghum production in kenya, especially during flowering stage. Sorghum, in contrast, can continue to produce grain for weeks without water. Combining the physiological traits that would sustain yield under drought, and integrating elite quantitative trait loci qtl and genes underlying. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in two sorghum genotypes with contrasting wue alessandra fracasso, luisa m.
Technology fact sheet for adaptation drought tolerant. The epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. The major crops of kansas wheat, sorghum, corn and soybean experience water drought andor high temperature heat stress resulting in significant yield losses. Sorghum is grown in areas with as little as 250mm of rainfall. Association genetics of sorghum drought tolerance united. Comparison of different multivariate statistical methods. The decision to grow sorghum is frequently based on its drought tolerance. Phenotyping sorghum reference set for drought tolerance oar. Evaluation of grain yield in sorghum hybrids under water stress. Sorghum cultivars originated from sudan under drought stress. To accelerate the development of improved germplasm resources for enhanced drought tolerance breeding programs in different types of sorghums.
Drought is the main limiting factor of crops production in major regions of the world. Microbes in soil help sorghum stay strong against droughts. The physiological measurements carried out confirmed the drought sensitivity of is20351 and the drought tolerance of is22330 genotypes, as previously studied. Management strategies for corn and sorghum during times of drought brent bean, extension agronomist, amarillo before planting corn or sorghum in areas that are experiencing drought, producers should assess how much soil moisture they have in their soil profile along with considering precipitation forecast for the upcoming growing season. Further, its drought tolerance characteristic makes it an excellent model crop for studying the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance. Technology fact sheet for adaptation drought tolerant sorghum. In this study, we report on the results of tests on the use of desiccants in simulating postanthesis drought effects in sorghum as aid in selection for lateseason drought tolerance. Its tolerance to drought is a consequence of morphological and anatomical characteristics thick leaf wax, deep root system and physiological responses osmotic adjustment, stay green, quiescence 3.
Drought is a major abiotic stress factor limiting crop production. Sorghum is grown in semiarid to arid regions of the world and serves as the staple food for about half a billion people in subsaharan africa and asia. Twoweek old seedlings of icsv 111 in were transplanted into 9 l pots filled with loamy sand 11. Retention of green leaf area at maturity glam, known as staygreen, is used as an indicator of postanthesis drought resistance in sorghum programs in the united states and australia borrell et al. Corn, a close relative to sorghum, is an important food and energy crop, but after only three weeks without any water, the plants stop producing grain. Sorghum is produced in south africa on a wide range of soils, and under fluctuating rainfall conditions of approximately 400 mm in the drier western parts to about 800 mm in the wetter eastern parts. The drought tolerant sorghum varieties such as serena, seredo super sorghum are produced as a result of plant breeding to enhance their resistance or tolerance to stresses that result from climate variability. Signs of drought intolerance in sorghum include leaf rolling, death of lower leaves, stunted growth and low yields. First, we tested the efficacies of three desiccants ki, naclo 3 and kclo 3. Breeders and crop physiologists need to work closely in testing the viabilityvalidity of the traitbased approaches for drought tolerance. Replacing maize with droughttolerant crops such as sorghum, millets, pigeonpea, cowpea and green gram is helping farmers overcome the failure of rains and its damaging impact on maize in busia county in western kenya. The impact of drought on sorghum production, and farmers varietal and trait preferences, in the north eastern ethiopia. By understanding how epigenetics helps crops such as sorghum with drought tolerance, farmers could better predict how cereal crops will be impacted by climate change. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in two sorghum genotypes with contrasting wue alessandra fracasso1, luisa m.
We have examined the biochemical responses of two sorghum cultivars of differing drought tolerance, samsorg 17 more drought tolerant and samsorg 40 less drought tolerant, to sustained drought. Drought stress can result in changes in the protein content through changes in gene expression or altered protein stability, degradation or modifications accompanying various cellular processes that reflect drought induced damagemetabolism failure. Studying drought tolerance in sorghum doe joint genome. Forage plants such as pearl millet and sorghum are drought tolerant and suitable for arid regions to grow. The beef cattle industry science cluster is funded by the beef cattle research council, a division of the canadian cattlemens association, and agriculture and agrifood canada to advance research and technology transfer supporting the canadian beef industrys vision to be recognized as a preferred supplier of healthy, high quality beef, cattle and genetics. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon nutrition. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghumsudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Genomewide rnaseq technology was used to compare the drought response of two sorghum genotypes characterized by contrasting water use efficiency. It proved its mettle in the 2012 drought, producing decent dryland yields with very little rainfall, and epas pathway approval for sorghum ethanol should open new markets. Sorghum for drought tolerance 5 grain mass was strongly reduced by water restriction, and most genotypes showed a significant reduction under stressed conditions table 1.
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